Food and Beverage Essay

What does the term ‘right of admission’ mean ? (6) It means that a Proprietor allows the customers of his hotel and he reserves the right admission with him . Entry of customers subject to rights of hotel owners. It also means that the store owner or management are allowed to deny entry to potential customers without giving just cause . The decision as to who is allowed in or out is usually up to the store owners discretion , which can be in good judgement or not . The right of admission notice also allows the shop security to search your bag or your person at their own discretion. For proper justifications , the owner may restrict the Right of Admission to certain categories of people or customers in the following events : (i) If the customer is a nuisance under the influence of alcohol , drug or lunatic . (ii) If the customer is naked (though simple dress code is allowed) (iii) If the customer is below 18 years of age , that too in a restaurant /hotel who has been given a permit for serving alcohol or drugs. (iv) If the customer is fighting or disturbing or causing annoyance to other customers. Etc -If the owner does not use his above ‘Right of Admission’, then another customer can sue the Hotel/Restaurant for deliberate negligence with criminal abetment and for ‘defiency in service’ besides for ‘damages’ to untold extents. QUESTION 2 Give five characteristics of a good beverage manager and explain in your own words why these characteristics are important. (15) (i) People-oriented A beverage manager must be comfortable leading their employees and working with public . In fast food restaurants , some managers also work as cashiers. In fine dining establishments the manager is expected to walk the floor and talk to the patrons . At the same time they have to ensure their employees are working efficiently . If a customer has a complaint , its usually up to the manager to smooth things over and make sure the customer wants to return in the future . (ii) Honesty In some cases beverage managers work for the owner of the establishment , who has entrusted his/her managers with the restaurants profits and supplies . Stealing from the establishment or other dishonesty is a fast way to lose the owners trust and make it difficult to find a similar position in the future . (iii) Organized Advance preparation is a key success factor in restaurant operations. Beverage managers must be strong administrators . Your employees will rely on you to decide what days and times they are working and what their responsibilities are so scheduling staff hours is a key task , as well as handling payroll. Your employees will expect to be paid regularly and at the same time each week or every two weeks , whatever the schedule is . (iv) Willing to learn and lead It will be the beverages managers responsibility to make sure the restaurant does not face liability issues, so he will need to stay up to date on safety certifications and management techniques. Employee retention can be a major success factor in the quality of services and reduce new employee expenses , such as training time , new uniforms and the time it takes to learn the job . (v) Flexiibility with hours His hours will depend on the venue for which he works. If he works in a restaurant or a bar , he might at times need to work late at night . He must be prepared for all situations if his goal is to work in management . QUESTION 3 What is the difference between on-consumption and off-consumption of liquor ? (6) (i) On – consumption On consumption liquor is liquor which can be sold and consumed on licensed premises. E. g hotels , clubs , and restaurants (ii) Off- consumption Off consumption liquor is liquor sold that is going to be consumed off the premises. Examples of these premises include shops , liquor producers and liquor stores. QUESTION 4 Why should the requirements of a bar control system be identified independently of the requirements of an accounting system ? (8) The requirements of a bar control system must be identified independently of the requirements of an accounting system because the bar control system is actually controlled by the accounting system . And the bar control system focuses on the stock available for the customers . A bar control system controls issues from the store or cellar . The accounting system ensures the compliance system with accounting policies and procedures . QUESTION 5 Explain the possible causes of discrepancies between sales at selling price on the bar liquor stock sheet and actual sales recorded. (10) Discrepancies in stock management refers to the difference between actual quantities of stock of material available in a bar and the available quantities as per stock records . Major causes of stock discrepancies are: Any discrepancies between sales at selling price on the bar liquor stock sheet may indicate theft by employees or customers . Not taking stock takes occasionally and spontaneously. Actual liquor stock issued from the store being different from the quantity recorded . Actual quantity of liquor received from the store being different from the quantity recorded. Liquor stored at the wrong place and therefore not considered during physical stock verification . Losses during storage for reasons such as evaporation and losses handling . Errors in ascertaining quantities physically available . Receipt or issues entries made in records under wrong item . There could be spillages . An employee could be over or under totting . QUESTION 6 If sales at cost price are R1650 and sales at selling price are R6600: (a) What is the percentage of cost of sales (show the formula you use ) ? (4) Cost/sales*100=cost of sales R1650/R6000*100 1 /4 25. = 25% cost of sales (b) What is the gross profit percentage ? (2) 100%-% of cost of sales 100%-25% = 75% QUESTION 7 What is the difference between a cocktail and a shooter ? (5) (i) Cocktail : An alcoholic drink consisting of a spirit or several spirits mixed with other ingredients , such as fruit juices , lemonade , or cream (ii) A shooter: a shooter is usually a mixed drink that amounts about 2 to 3 tots in a shot glass. They are generally drunk quickly , rather than being sipped . QUESTION 8 Why do cocktails have the potential to improve the gross profits of the bar ? (4) Cocktails have a potential to improve the gross profits in a bar because they are pricey than any other liquor . Its easy to generate sales from the customer that you already have . This is were a good cocktail list can be a greatest asset . If someone comes in and orders a Campari and soda , and you can up-sell them to an Americano , everybody wins . Its also easy to create new and unique cocktails with a little something extra to entice the customers, which can easily sell. With cocktails its easy to cut costs to increase profit without increasing sales volume. iQUESTION 9. Why would you want to garnish a cocktail ? (3) Garnishing a cocktail will add character or style to a cocktail as garnishes are decorative ournaments . You can garnish with eg carrot sticks , cherries , cinnamon , cocktail olives , pepper , salt etc QUESTION 10 Explain the difference between the shake method and the stir method of making cocktails . (8) (i) Shake method Is the method by which you use a cocktail shaker to mix ingredients together and chill them simultaneously. The object is to almost freeze the drink whilst breaking down and combining the ingredients. Normally this is done with ice cubes three quarters of the way full . When you have poured in the ingredients , hold the shaker in both hands with one hand on top and one supporting the base and give a short, sharp, snappy shake (ii) Stir method Is a more gentle technique for mixing cocktails and is used to delicately combine the drinks with a perfect amount of dilution . You stir cocktails that use only distilled spirits or very light mixers . Stirring takes longer than shaking to chill a drink. You can stir cocktails effectively with a metal or glass rod in a mixing glass. If ice is to be used , use ice cubes to prevent dilution , and strain the contents into a glass when the surface of the mixing glass begins to collect condensation . QUESTION 11 What does the term ‘bruising’ mean with regards to making cocktails ? (2) Its what happens when you shake a drink for too long. If you put your liquor in a shaker and then shake for a second the drink comes out cold . If you shake it for too long then the drink becomes bruised meaning there are pieces in the actual drink . QUESTION 12 Give the recipes for popular cocktails based on each of the following (nine recipes) . Rum , Brandy, Gin (15) (a) Rum (i) Daiquiri- 11/2 tots light rum (ii) Mojito-2tsp sugar 3/4ml lime juice 6-8mint leaves ? ml sugar syrup club soda 1 lime,halved 2 tots light rum Mint sprig for garnish (ii) Hurrcane-2 tots light rum 2tots dark rum 2oz passion fruit juice 1oz orange juice Juice of half a lime 1tbsp simple syrup 1tbsp grenadine Orange slice and cherry for garnish (b) Brandy (i) Apple Fizz-ice cubes (ii) sidecar – ice cubes 2parts apple brandy 3tots brandy 5parts carbonated apple juice 3parts triple sec 50ml lemon juice 1part lemon or lime juice Lemon slice to garnish. (ii) Metropolitan cocktail- ice cubes 3tots brandy 2parts sweet vermouth Sugar syrup to taste 2 dashes Angostura bitters (c) Gin (i) Bring it home – 2 tots Organic Nation Gin (iii) Delilah-11/2 tots Gin 11/2 tots Elder Flower Liquer ? tots Cointreau 11/2 measuresAlmond Syrup ? lemon juice 11/2 measures Lemon Juice Garnish: Cherry and lemon wedge (ii) Cherry bitch- 6 tots Bulldog Gin 1bag black currant tea 3-5 fresh cherries ? measures lime juice ? measures apple juice 1 measure syrup Garnish – orange peel twist QUESTION 13 As the bar man manager you are training a new bar man. Explain to him (or her ) in your own words how to serve a whiskey and soda . (5) Whisky should be served always with some ice tray and soda. These are the two perquisite of serving whisky. Being high in alcohol content , whisky blending requires spring water , and some tangy tinge. Different people like their whisky served in their own ways . So it would be a good idea if you place whisky with ice and soda in separate beakers . QUESTION 14 What glass would you use for serving Cognac or South African Liquer Brandy ? (1) Balloon Brandy Snifter Glass QUESTION 15 What is a Sambuco , why is it popular and how is it often served ? (3) Sambuco is an Italian liquor flavoured with maniseed that is often found in clear or white form . The most common way of serving sambuca is neat , on the rocks , with fresh water added or in coffee in place of sugar . Sambuca con mosca (neat with coffee beans floated atop) is a common Italian way . QUESTION 16 What is meant by the term ‘binder’ with reference to a cigar ? (3) The binder is what keeps (or binds) the filler leaves together . It is also a tobacco leaf , usually having little or no flavour , which is used to bind and contain the filler tobacco inside of a cigar.

Education Essays – Distance Learning Classroom

Distance Learning ClassroomDistance Learning VS. ClassroomEducation is a lifetime investing. Education is a cardinal to success and for holding a better hereafter and a really promising calling. With the latest technological promotions present in our society, there are many picks to be educated and gain a grade. The traditional system of schoolroom instruction is here to remain but technological discoveries introduced a new manner of larning which is known as distance acquisition. Distance acquisition is the most convenient and effectual manner of gaining a grade in today’s society. Distance acquisition is designed to run into the demands of people draw a bead oning to gain a grade through categories conducted on-line via the cyberspace without the fusss of go toing categories inside the schoolroom. Distance acquisition is an first-class option particularly for grownups to gain a grade without go forthing their occupations. In add-on, out of school young persons who are forced to take a occupation due to economic and fiscal restraints can besides go on their instruction through distance acquisition. Furthermore, it is besides an effectual manner for full-time mas to gain their grade or finish school without giving their duties to their household. Furthermore, professionals are besides provided with agencies to heighten what they have already learned and go even more knowing through distance acquisition. This manner they have greater opportunities for calling development and a higher opportunity for a publicity. Harmonizing to Spodick ( 1995 ) , distance instruction or distance acquisition, has been around for a long clip and involves deriving knowledge outside of the traditional agencies of go toing categories at schools. Today, the popularity of online acquisition is turning quickly. As a affair of fact, there are 1000000s of pupils in the United States that are soon analyzing online. In add-on, there are besides abroad pupils who are besides taking up their degree online. Other states besides came up with their ain distance instruction plans. Willis ( n.d. ) noted that in order to turn to the challenge of supplying more educational chances without the fiscal load, establishments should develop distance instruction plans. Furthermore, these types of plans can supply grownups with another chance to gain a college instruction or those who failed to complete school due to clip restraints and disablements, and supply agencies for employees to review their cognition. Distance acquisition may hold created uncertainties to those who believe that it is merely through go toing regular categories in school and with face-to-face Sessionss with instructors that pupils can larn. However, through the old ages, surveies proved that distance instruction can supply quality instruction the same as or even more than with a schoolroom scene. Since distance acquisition is frequently compared with schoolroom acquisition, it is of import to observe the similarities and differences of these two. Prof. James Drogan ( n.d. ) pointed out that distance acquisition and schoolroom acquisition has the same instruction aims and capable affair. Normally the classs offered by an educational establishment in the formal schoolroom puting are besides being offered in its distance instruction plan. In add-on, the schoolroom professors are besides those carry oning categories in distance acquisition. Another similarity is that online and schoolroom classs have similar criterions of excellence in class plants. Both distance and schoolroom acquisition expect merely the best from pupils particularly with respect to their submitted end products, assignments and engagement in category treatments. Distance acquisition and schoolroom acquisition are besides marked by their differences. One large difference is the locale of the teaching-learning procedure. Distance acquisition is done online and practically any where at all every bit long as 1 has a computing machine with an internet entree while schoolroom acquisition requires pupils to travel to school and go to regular categories in face-to-face direction. Another difference lies in the sorts of pupils go toing the classs. In distance acquisition, the professor has a bigger possibility of learning pupils of different nationalities around the Earth because pupils have greater entree to it. Harmonizing to Abuso, Garcia, Labayan, and Baretto ( 1997 ) , instructors are cultural workers who reproduce civilization in the signifier of images, information, regulations, linguistic communication, attitudes and values. Distance larning provides the best agencies for instructors to make their duties as cultural workers because of the broad scope of pupils go toing distance instruction. Students come from different nationalities and have different cultural backgrounds which they can portion with their instructor and their fellow schoolmates online. The exposure to changing civilizations can enrich the cognition of pupils and do them more socially and culturally cognizant. Meanwhile schoolroom larning normally have really few foreign pupils, some of which are merely luck plenty to be portion of an exchange plan while some are those who can merely afford to go to schools in the United States. Class agendas besides differ between distance and schoolroom acquisition. When it comes to distance acquisition, there is no fixed category agenda unless the professor in charge requires pupils to travel online at a peculiar clip and twenty-four hours. Most of the clip, pupils can entree their practical schoolroom and contribute in the treatment boards on other activities on line at their ain convenience. Unlike with distance acquisition, schoolroom larning purely fellows a fixed agenda. Students can non merely come and travel as they pleased otherwise they will be marked late or even absent. Furthermore, Sherry ( 1996 ) noted that the purposes and ends of distance scholars besides vary from those of schoolroom scholars. For case, grownup scholars under distance instruction plans aim non merely to derive new cognition but besides get societal accomplishments like join forcesing and pass oning with others from different parts of the universe. Peoples used to believe of distance or online acquisition as the sort of instruction normally taken for granted. However, this changed after so many trials and thorough surveies were conducted and eventually this hi-tech manner of acquisition gained credence and regard from pedagogues and pupils likewise. So, what are the pros of distance acquisition compared with schoolroom larning? Distance larning allows larning in distant or distant locations to go possible since it is really accessible since all category or class demands will be complied on-line. In add-on, a practical schoolroom is accessible even in cyberspace coffeehouse and requires and needs merely a standard computing machine. On the other manus schoolroom instruction provides an synergistic agencies of larning since there are many pupils sharing each other ‘s thoughts and inquiring inquiries with the existent supervising of their professor. Distance and schoolroom acquisition besides have changing effects. One of the major jobs encountered in distance acquisition is the rapid alterations in engineering that create obstructions to accessing larning environments. Another large effect is the limited apprehension of effectual instruction methods which is brought approximately by the juvenility of online acquisition. Since it is about new to everybody, really few research were made to measure distance acquisition and measure the methods and schemes employed by distance acquisition professors. Furthermore, it consequences to doubt and incredulity of the effectivity of pupil comprehension and in larning extremely complex topics. On the other manus schoolroom acquisition besides has its ain effects which includes promoting inactive larning particularly to the instance of pupils whop are excessively diffident to pass on their thoughts or to inquire inquiries for elucidations. Furthermore, most schoolroom professors besides ignore single acquisition differences between pupils. Therefore, the schoolroom puting hinders the pupils ‘ opportunity to take part in category treatments since others normally dominate in category. Furthermore, schoolroom acquisition frequently neglects developing the higher thought accomplishments of pupils since professors do all the speaking most of the clip and spoon-feed pupils with information. Indeed, distance larning unfastened new chances for pupils and instructors. With the Internet, online grades have become a perfect option for persons who may happen trouble inscribing in a traditional schoolroom establishment. Online or distance instruction Teachs persons to multitask unlike in regular schoolroom environment. Distance larning provides ambitious activities wherein pupils have to utilize to several plans, maintain files, and electronic mail in order to acquire good classs and to win. The universe is invariably altering and as competition goes stiffer and stiffer in the occupation market, more people are in favour of distance acquisition. Adult pupils have greater opportunities to win in this sort of larning establishment since they are more full-blown and responsible. Most of these pupils have full-time occupations on households to look after, excessively. On the other manus traditional college pupils runing from 18-21 old ages can genuinely profit from the societal ambiance of a college campus. A college campus has many activities that, warrant exciting experience for them. However, those who are seeking grade for publicity intents or for calling promotions and personal growing and development, distance acquisition is the best pick. Regardless of one’ grounds for taking distance acquisition, it requires focal point, dedication, and motive. Distance acquisition is decidedly harder to concentrate in a practical schoolroom that in a traditional schoolroom because there are normally many distractions. For illustration, if one logs on to one’s practical category at the comfort of one’s place at one’s workplace, there are many noise that can destruct that person’s concentration like people speaking, music blasting from Television or wireless, and even kids playing. Another ground distance acquisition requires subject and adulthood is because of the fact that there are no professors straight in forepart of pupils to oversee and supervise every task.. Latest technological promotions help do distance larning more accessible to pupils around the universe. However, establishments offering this sort of instruction demand to measure invariably the impact of distance acquisition organisations and separate sections besides need to make procedures for communicating and sharing cognition. Furthermore, quality control processes besides necessitate to be developed and improved. Distance acquisition requires systematic alterations, fiscal support, and transmutation for educational stuffs to do them accessible online. Distance larning replies the call for a new acquisition environment that provides efficient and effectual direction in a convenient and more accessible mode. Distance larning serves as another means for people from different ages to gain grade at their ain gait with less force per unit area yet with the same quality direction as schoolroom acquisition.MentionsAbuso, J. , Garcia, F. , Labayan, F.C. , & A ; Baretto, R. ( 1997 ) .Socio- cultural foundations of instruction. Philippines: UP Open University Press Drogan, J. ( n.d. ) .Online or distance larning versus schoolroom acquisition.( hypertext transfer protocol: www.sunymaritime.edu/Academics/Graduate % 20Program/distancevsclassroom.asp ten ) . Howell, S. , Williams, P. , and Lindsay, N. ( n.d. ) .Thirty-two tendencies impacting distance instruction: an informed foundation for strategic planninghypertext transfer protocol: //www.westga.edu/~distance/ojdla/fall63/howell63.html Sherry, L. ( 1996 ) .Issues in distance acquisition.International Journal of Educational Telecommunications, 1( 4 ) , 337-365. Spodick, E. ( 1995 ) .The development of distance acquisition. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University of Science & A ; Technology. Willis, B ( n.d. ) .Distance education- a practical usher. United states: University of Idaho Engineering Outreach Staff.

Cause of Bronchitis and Tests Done To Determine It

Cause of Bronchitis and Tests Done To Determine It The most common disease associated with respiratory system is bronchitis. It is often accompanied by a cold or flu and affects people regardless of age. If your immune system is weak or you are a chain smoker, then you are greatly exposed to develop chronic bronchitis. In few cases, developing asthmatic bronchitis is also possible. Smoking is considered to be a serious cause of bronchitis which can lead to other complications like pneumonia. The substances found in cigarettes as well other tobacco causes bronchial tubes irritation. Environmental pollution and exposures to chemicals can also lead to developing chronic bronchitis. In addition, second-hand smokes as shown in some studies can also cause chronic bronchitis. Mostly, chronic bronchitis is diagnosed among metal molders, grain handlers, coal miners, and other dust-related occupation. Symptoms of chronic bronchitis worsen if air pollutants and sulfur dioxide also increases. However, bronchitis is brought about by viruses. Within a few days, these viruses may disappear without medications. If bacteria is the cause of bronchitis, then antibiotics is needed to completely overcome it. Bronchitis can either be chronic or acute. Acute bronchitis generates extreme symptoms. It normally clears up immediately if viruses caused it. Chronic bronchitis produces milder symptoms but later on can aggravate. This is often persistent with recidivating character. Chronic bronchitis requires continuous treatment to prevent symptoms from recurring. Bronchitis manifests different symptoms including coughs, breath shortness, soreness, discomfort, excessive mucus production, headache, wheezing, chest pain, and fever. Fever is present due to bacteria infections posing any possible complications. Among the COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases) illnesses, bronchitis mostly affects more people. And despite its large affected population, it is usually misdiagnosed. Insufficient clinical examination can misinterpret bronchitis with allergies, asthma, and sinusitis. The doctor will ask your medical background which includes pervious and recent smoking habits. Your endurance is also questioned whether or not it is easy for you to climb stairs or walk a long distance. Using a stethoscope, the doctor will examine your chest and back and listen to your normal breathing. In this way, signs of bronchitis can be determined. However, the best way to confirm the presence and seriousness of bronchitis is to undergo PFT or pulmonary function tests. Keep in mind that these tests can be done if causes are known. It includes: Spirometry. An instrument called spirometer is utilized to measure the air inhaled and exhaled from your lungs. Air volumes are measured to determine the ability of your lungs to hold and exhale air. Peak flow meter. It measures the PEFR (peak expiratory flow rate). PEFR is the maximum quantity of air that you can exhale upon forced exhalation. Chest x-ray. This is suggested by a doctor to know if pneumonia problems are present. Mild x-ray changes can be a sign of chronic bronchitis. ABG (arterial blood gas) test. This determines the amount of carbon dioxide and oxygen in your blood. A blood is drawn from your artery. The procedure can make you very uncomfortable. Analysis of your blood gas is useful if oxygen therapy can be advised in case your blood oxygen is very low. Additional tests are necessary if other problems related to your health are involved. If infections are present, sputum and blood tests as well as cultures are conducted to determine the causes of infections. There are different factors when considering treatments for bronchitis. If it is not caused by bacteria, unblocking the obstruction from the airways is done. Medical treatments inhaled medications helpful in unblocking the air passages of your respiratory tract. Bronchodilators are widely used for asthmatic bronchitis and chronic bronchitis.

Birthmark Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Birthmark - Essay Example Hawthorn strives to introduce new horizons to the public and gives them a deep understanding of certain intricate issues of life. The message implied by the story is that people who hopelessly try to see perfection in others only torture themselves and their dear ones as their souls are like barren lands which never get satiated no matter how much rain pounds on them. Main themes of the story explore issues like striving for perfection is only foolishness, people cannot become godlike figures to reverse or combat nature, and no clear line could be drawn setting beauty apart from imperfection. It is stressed that it is always the mix of beauty and flaws that creates uniqueness. In this commendable story about the fanatical obsession a husband has with removing a birthmark from his wife’s face so as to achieve perfection, it is identified that human race is riddled with flaws and no one has ever been known to be born with perfection or totally flawless beauty on the face of Eart h. The story did not win the appreciation of all critics as it also attracted some controversy when it was suggested that since the author demonstrated how a man could kill his wife in such a facile manner in the process of achieving perfection and then get away with the murder so conveniently if the consequences turn ugly, this story should be assessed as a failure rather than labeling it a success (Fetterley, cited in Frank 164-173). To some extent this claim made by critics could be held true as the story really contains a detailed description of how Aylmer, a scientist and husband of Georgiana, has a dream one night in which the trademark foreshadowing occurs regarding how the birthmark is connected to Georgiana’s heart. The extent to which Aylmer’s offensive obsession is grown by that point could be judged from the fact that he unconsciously decides to cut out his wife’s heart as well if that is what needed to be done to achieve perfection. Georgiana is pre sented as a doomed character in the story who does anything and is willing to go through an change, even physical, so as to please her husband but to no avail (Wright). The extent to which demure and faithful Georgiana is hell bent on catering to her husband’s needs could be judged from the quote that â€Å"with her whole spirit she prayed that, for a single moment, she might satisfy his highest and deepest conception. Longer than one moment she well knew it could not be† (Hawthorne, cited in SparkNotes Editors). This shows how much sadness and grief is instilled in Georgiana’s heart by his emotionally deadpan husband as she longs for just one moment knowing how longer than that she could never be able to satiate Aylmer’s soul as it always remained in search of something new and perfect. The quote that â€Å"for his spirit was ever on the march, ever ascending  .  .  . [requiring] something that was beyond the scope of the instant before† (Ha wthorne, cited in SparkNotes Editors) underlines this fact. That is why she even allows Aylmer to perform his experiments on her face so that the birthmark which kept her from becoming all perfect could be removed. Aylmer is introduced as a brainy scientist type who is emotionally a deadpan and fixated on seeing perfection around him to achieve which he is willing to cross all boundaries. Intent on achieving perfect

Division of Labor and Gender Roles in the Society Essay

Division of Labor and Gender Roles in the Society - Essay Example This essay declares that culture refers to a way of life of society. It entails the society's behaviors, beliefs, values and symbols the society accepts to govern itself. Men have the tendency to conform to the views of society and how they are expected to deliver their roles. With women's nurturing nature more so towards children, there begins a close relationship with them. This in the view of men is sensitive and fragile, making them feel stronger and dedicate themselves to technical activities.This paper highlights that  child care and homemaking are part of the works considered to be for women. This makes them closer to home than men as they have to care for people in the homestead. Men take public jobs to be away from home. This makes them more respected as providers than women who are rarely seen in the society. The third theory describes the division of labor with respect to the objective relationship and the family life of people. At the age of three children tend to know themselves hence the task of becoming comfortable, aware and responsible for your gender and its roles and. They begin to find ways of being emotionally secure with who you are and hence be happy. Women's nature to nurture begins to develop in girls, and they slowly progress and assume the role fully.  For the little boys, they love their mothers' way of care learns soon that they cannot grow up to be like them but to be like their fathers.

Carmen Jones Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Carmen Jones - Essay Example Carmen Jones was a 1943 musical which was later adapted to film in 1954. Much of the original cast was African American during a time in this country when segregation was still prominent. This fictional story is centered around one character by the name of Carmen Jones and is done so in musical fashion. Carmen Jones is a young woman who makes parachutes for the flyboys in the American military. Incidentally, Carmen falls in love with one flyboy in particular named Joe. Joe however, is initially in love with another girl by the name of Cindy Lou. Joe intends to marry Cindy Lou on his next day of leave only to spurn Carmen’s jealousy enough to cause her to destroy a parachute. Since the parachute is government property, Carmen is in danger of getting in to trouble for doing so, so she must flea and does so with Joe. As they run off together, Carmen is able to both enchant and seduce Joe, who quickly forgets about Cindy Lou. As a result, Joe does not return to his post as he is s upposed to and therefore is court marshaled. Carmen in the meantime, meets a boxer in a saloon who invites her and her friends to attend his next boxing match. At first, Carmen does not consent to go but then later sees the wealth bestowed on her friends by Husky the boxer, and so therefore decides to accept the advances of Husky while rejecting Joe altogether. While at the apartment of Husky the boxer, Carmen has her cards read to her wherein she learns that death is soon coming for her. Additionally, Joe is confronted with Cindy Lou who wishes fro him to return to her and marry her. He rejects her completely as he is in love with Carmen. Incidentally, it is Joe who comes for her shortly after this in hopes of convincing her to come back to him. When she rejects him, he kills her thereby fulfilling the prophecy of the cards. In looking at the multi-layered themes of this piece, there is a lot to

American Export Trade Business Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

American Export Trade Business - Research Paper Example Between 1992 and 2013, average exports by the United States is estimated to be US $103197.71 million and the maximum level in these two decades has reached in December 2012 at US $188686.00 million (â€Å"United States exports†). US primary export items are capital goods, industrial supplies, food and beverages, automotive vehicles, engines and vehicle parts; high tech manufacturing goods remains one of the most important categories of exports. However, in the twenty first century US started to lose comparative advantage on manufacturing of such goods. This paper aims at researching the stake of current US high tech trade deficit and how an improvement in the trade condition would help to improve living standards in the US economy. US export trade The Department of Commerce’s U.S. Census Bureau and the Bureau of Economic Analysis released their annual report of international trade of the US in goods and services for the year 2012 in December that year. The report reveal s that exports of commodities and services by the country increased by 2.1 percent in 2012 since the month of November in 2012 and reached a record figure of $2.20 trillion. The trade deficit in US decreased since the country’s imports have fallen by 2.7 percent during this period (â€Å"U.S. export fact sheet†). Figure: Exports of United States between 2011 -2013 (Source: â€Å"United States exports†) Exports have been an important part of the U.S. GDP and in 2012 the share of exports in GDP was 13.9 percent. This share has improved in 2011 from 2008 (12.9 percent) and has remained steady since 2011 (â€Å"U.S. export fact sheet†). Capital goods form the largest category of export commodities for the US. In 2012, this category of exports was worth $526.7 billion. The leading manufacturing sector for export commodities has been named as the â€Å"motor vehicles and parts sector† (â€Å"U.S. export fact sheet†). High-technology exports The ma nufacturing sector in the US contributes a large section of the country’s GDP that other sectors and has been a driver of economic growth in the country since 1947. This sector is highly engrossed in international trade than other sectors. The manufacturing sector strengthens the growth process by bringing in technological innovation in the other industries. Production of high-technology products require high intensity of R&D. Industries that produce high tech products in the US are aerospace, pharmaceuticals, electrical machinery, computers and scientific instruments (â€Å"High-technology exports (current US$)†). The US manufactured goods account for nearly 35 percent of the total worth of high technology products traded in the international market. Till 2008 US enjoyed high trade surplus owing to high revenue income from export of high tech manufactured goods and royalties earned from the sale of technical know how. 57 percent of the country’s exports were ma nufactured goods. US outpaced its rival countries in the field of technological research and industrial development. Advancement in technology has support the manufacturers in the US

Sustainable Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Sustainable Design - Essay Example It is first remarkable that, as Yeang, p. 413, 2007, puts it concisely - "Nature regards humans as one of its many species. What differentiates humans is their capability to inflict devastating changes on the environment".3 One of the major human activities that hugely and adversely affect the environment is the burning of fossil fuels to produce energy for other down line human activities. It is now notable that fossil fuels, even in the first parts of the 21st century, still remain the major energy source. Thus, it stands to good reason that any project that can run on low energy consumption is a profitable one. This is in two senses - firstly, with low consumption of fossil fuels low emission of harmful gases is possible and, secondly, the low consumption of fossil fuels enables energy planners to buy more time to develop alternate sources for future consumption when it is believed that all fossil fuels on Earth will be completely exhausted. This paper, thus, is concerned entirely with one such human project - human architectural activity - that is being designed to consume low energy and produce low emissions. This is what is currently being defined as sustainable architecture. The first part the paper discusses sustainability, its definition and global perceptions and the second part is a critical review about a sustainable development in London, called BedZED, as a successful example, its analysis and evaluation of its various environmentally friendly features. Ecodesign: Yeang4 defines ecodesign, which may be taken as sustainable design in this case, as a built environment that is fully integrated within its natural environment. It is taken here that the concerned 'built environment' is the sustainable architecture that this paper is in search of. Yeang (2007), furthermore, severely cautions against misconceptions that technology alone can provide sustainable architecture. He states that simply putting a set of technologies commonly acknowledged as green such as solar arrays, photovoltaic, biological recycling systems, building automation systems and double-skin facades into a building can merit the term ecodesign. Also, if a high mark in a green-rating system can hardly be construed as satisfactory reason to call the built environment sustainable architecture(Yeang, 2007). Instead, Yeang (2007) implies that ecodesign, or sustainable architecture, can only be operational when the entire building interacts with its natural environment in such a manne r that all its inputs and outputs sustain the ecosystem within which it is built without upsetting its delicate balance of secure survival. In this sense Yeang (2007) believes that not only the building but all its associated activities, such as transportation, for example, must be integrated into its ecosystem where he implies

The Effects of Violent Video Games on Children Essay

The Effects of Violent Video Games on Children - Essay Example This has many negative effects on the individual which is exposed; regardless of age. One of the aspects of the negative effect large amounts of time spent playing violent video games has been shown to effect negatively upon a range of health issues within such groups. Although the negative health affects have been a topic of much recent discussion, the expressed purpose of this research analysis will be to draw a level of inference upon the way in which violence represented within video games affects the minds, outlook, psychology, and world-view interpretation of the adolescent viewing audience. Accordingly, it will be the express purpose of this brief analysis to take a stand with regards to the impacts that video game violence has upon the youth of the current era as well as seek to derive a level of culpability with regards to the actions taken by adolescents that have been influenced by violence in video games. It is the hope of this author that by presenting an argumentative e ssay with key elements of research from a variety of different sources that the reader will be able to come to a more informed conclusion with regards to the overall impacts that video game violence affords upon adolescents and upon society as a whole. Although violence has always been a discernable and visible part of the human experience, the proliferation of violence in video games has provided a paradigm shift in the way that the shareholder, namely adolescents, engage with an understanding of this representation within the reality of culture and entertainment that such a medium represents. Ultimately, the scope and level of the violence that is represented along with the increased total viewing/playing hours that adolescents within society are engaging with means that the level and extent to which this violence is represented has increased exponentially over time. However, before delving further into the nature of violence and its effect as represented within video games, it is important to qualify that regardless of the effect that violence within media could have on the individual, it cannot and should not be blamed for all extant violence that exists due to the fact that violence and its representation within human society has far predated the first exhibition of television or video games in general. In short, this exponential growth creates a unique dynamic with regards to overall impact and demand that whatever theory which is used to define this is fully cognizant and aware of the exponential scale of violence which is under discussion. One of the most important aspects of the effects of the media on the adolescent mind is the way in which it causes a degree of exposure and acceptance of violent actions as a reasonable and expected means of conflict resolution. Many studies have looked into the explosion of anger and aggression issues that have been represented lately and made convincing links and parallels to the extent to which the representation of violence within media, and specifically video games, have contributed to the rise in the prevalence of these issues. However, regardless of the particular study that has been analyzed, most authors and researchers have agreed that children and adolescent exposure to violence plays an integral part in the ultimate expression of violent behavior; or at the very least integrates an understanding among the shareholder that violent expression is an acceptable means of conflict

Social Networking Project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Social Networking Project - Assignment Example I have massively utilized Facebook in connecting to the diverse business interaction and management via placing stories regarding BusinessWeek, Wired News, and Computerworld. This has attracted attention of the teens and adults. Nevertheless, I intend to add MySpace and LinkedIn to attract positive attention in regard to my professional projects of social media and social networking tools in the establishment and utilization of the third party social networking as means of communication of business personnel. The five main connections that have recently attracted entail social bookmarking, Blogs widget, MySpace and LinkedIn. Social bookmarking account to the post where public users does not own any account thus will account both video and image whilst blogs will cater for the Twitter, Google, Blogger and Word press thus advancing connection. Widget will cater for those who utilize Opera browser such as web tools, games, music and corresponding news whilst MySpace and LinkedIn will offer

Different Alcohols Essay Example for Free

Different Alcohols Essay The length of time the water is heated for is important as a short period of time will not heat the water sufficiently enough to take accurate results. However, heating the water for too long will boil the water to 100i C and therefore the results will not show any trend, as this is the maximum temperature for water. I chose to heat the water for 150 seconds (2. 5min) as this was a suitable time. METHOD * Set-up apparatus as shown in diagram. Fill calorimeter with 100cmi of distilled water and record temperature in i C with thermometer for 30 seconds to allow an accurate reading. Read thermometer at eye level in order to reduce parallax error due the reflection of light through the glass.   Select burner and check the height of the flame is 4cm using a ruler. Change length of wick using tweezers to change the height of the flame.   Weigh the burner filled with the desired alcohol with the lid on it using a top pan balance. Ensure the balance is on a flat stable surface and place burner on pan gently in order to keep reading accurate. I shall use the first four alcohols in the series: methanol, ethanol, propan-1-ol and butan-1-ol. Record mass in grams to the nearest hundredth.   Clamp the calorimeter 7cm above the top of the burner and place lid on calorimeter properly. Measure the height of calorimeter above burner using a ruler. Place burner on a heat-proof mat, under calorimeter; remove burner lid and light immediately with a match. Withdraw match immediately as the heat of the wood combusting could effect the temperature of the water in the calorimeter. Begin timer immediately when wick is lit. Do not remove lid before match is lit as some alcohol may evaporate and alter the burners weight before it is lit. Plunge stirrer up and down once every 5 seconds to ensure uniform heating. During heating keep lid on calorimeter to prevent the water evaporating and heat loss.   Record waters temperature every 30 seconds by using thermometer at eye-level. Do not remove thermometer from water to take reading, as this will change its temperature.   After 150 seconds of heating extinguish flame by replacing burners lid. Record the waters final temperature in i C.   Re-weigh burner and record mass in grams to the nearest hundredth.   Repeat 3 times and take an average of results. Repeat for all four alcohols. Calculate energy released by each alcohol per gram using the formula below: Energy Released per gram= C x Mw x /\T (J/g) Mf Where, C= specific heat capacity of water (4. 17 J/gi C) Mw=mass of water (g) /\T=change in temperature (i C) Mf=Mass of fuel used (g) Calculate energy released per mol using average J/g and the following formula: Energy released per mol= Mr x J/g (J/mol) Where, Mr=molecular mass J/g=Energy released per gram (average) Safety Precautions Because this investigation involves the use of open flamed burners, I will need to be very careful in the laboratory. I will remove all loose pieces of clothing that may fall into flame and set light. I will wear safety goggles to protect my eyes as I am heating a liquid, which could spit, into my eyes when hot.   I will use a heat-proof mat to protect the workbench from the heat of the burner.   I will abide by all standard laboratory rules such as: Do not run. Results PTO CONCLUSION The graph shows that as the length of the molecule chain in an alcohol increases so to does the amount of energy it gives of when completely combusted. The curved line of best fit shows that the relationship is not proportional. The energy released increases because as the length of molecule chain increases because the larger chains only need a small input of energy to break the original bonds yet gives out a larger amount of energy when the new bonds are formed. The energy of the products is lower compared to that of the reactants in longer chain molecules than smaller ones. The results support my prediction in the way that I predicted that as the length of the chain increased so to would the energy released. However, I also predicted that the graph would show directly proportional results, which it does not. My prediction also stated that the results would be lower than the theoretical values due to heat loss which proved to be correct. EVALUATION I believe the method I used was as accurate as possible with the equipment provided, although the results do not show this. The energy released per mol values are a lot lower than the theoretical values due to heat loss. Because of the large amount of heat loss the results are quite varied and unreliable. I only encountered one anomalous result, which is highlighted in red on the results table. I believe this is because of less heat being lost during this test than the was lost during the other tests for propan-1-ol. To overcome this problem barrier could be placed around the burner to shield it from drafts and guide the heat towards the calorimeter. I believe that the results show a curve because more heat was lost for the small-chained molecules due to the lower temperatures of flame being blown away more easily than those flames with higher temperatures.

Peter Skrynecki Belonging Paper Essay Example for Free

Peter Skrynecki Belonging Paper Essay For Peter Skrznecki it is like being part of two cultures but at the same time not able to belong and connect to either one. In Migrant Hostel Peter reflects the unpleasant memories, he remembers at 4 years old, when he and his parents emigrated to Australia from Poland. He uses language techniques such as similes to create a sense of uncertainty and not belonging, because similes are not as certain as metaphors. He uses motifs of birds and pigeons, which is seen in my visual representation. For example, Nationalities sought each other out instinctively like homing pigeons this emphasises the instinctive need to find someone or something familiar in a foreign place, to feel a sense of comfort and belonging. At times he felt unity with his family but this is juxtaposed with the sense of wondering of which culture he belongs to, Poland or Australia? This is represented visually in my collage, with images showing not belonging to groups and being an outcast, there is only one image in the corner representing unity and belonging. This is contrasted by all the other images portraying not belonging and alienation. Which relates to how Peter feels about being a man of two different cultures. In the poem Feliks Skrynecki, Peter describes his father with emotive language on how he tries and fit in to a new culture My gentle father, kept paces only with the Joneses (idiom is used.) But his father still has a strong connection to his culture through his garden, which Peter describes as he loved his garden, like an only child the garden is symbolic and represents his home land and culture. This relates to the film Kite runner, when Amirs father takes soil from Afghanistan and puts it in a case before he crosses the border, the soil becomes symbolic for the fathers culture and treasures it till his death bed. In both texts land is used as a symbol of connection that both fathers show to their culture and homeland. Which relates to my visual representation with an image of a man holding soil from the land. Choices are a large part of belonging to a culture. Peter chooses to be disconnected and he doesnt try and learn about his own culture, which makes him not belong culturally. For example in the poem Feliks Skrzynecki Peter says I forgot my first Polish word but his father repeated it so he would never forget it but Peter choose not to remember it. He also doesnt try to fit in with a new culture, he chooses to be the black sheep which creates a barrier to belong. In kite runner an important quote was this is the real Afghanistan you have always been a tourist in your own country. This shows when Amir lived in Afghanistan as a child his father always protected him and made all of his decisions, which caused him not to know who he really was and never experience the real Afghanistan. But when Amir went to America he starting making his own choices and found out who he was and felt like he belonged there. Both Amir and Peter shows how significant decisions and choices are, because it is your own personal choice to belong to a culture.

The Physiological Demands Of Association Football

The Physiological Demands Of Association Football Association football at the elite level has developed vastly over recent years and many studies into match performance and training have been performed. It is clear that this research has enabled science to be incorporated to a greater extent into the training conducted in football. Earlier studies looked into the physiological demands of the game, by performing physiological measurements before and after the game or at half-time. In addition to this earlier research, some up to date studies have scrutinized changes in both performance and physiological responses with a special focus on the most demanding activities and periods in the game. Another area to have received considerable attention individual differences in the physical demands players are exposed to throughout the games and in training. These can be affected by training status, playing position and to the specific tactical roles assigned to the players. Thus, most top level clubs have incorporated the tactical and physical demands of the players into their fitness training. This paper will look into the demands of different activites of football, aerobic and anaerobic energy production in match play, the fatigue experienced in football matches and the training of top level players. Aerobic Energy Production in a Football Match Association football is an intermittent sport in which the aerobic energy system is utilized majorly, with mean heart rate at around 85% of maximal and peak heart rate at around 98% of maximal, Taking these values, it is possible to discover oxygen uptake using the relationship between heart rate and oxygen uptake. Though, it is unlikely that the heart rates measured during a match will be accurate enough to lead to a correct estimation of oxygen uptake, since variables such as dehydration, hyperthermia, and mental stress elevate the heart rate without affecting oxygen uptake. However, taking these factors into account, the heart rate measurements received during a game suggest the average oxygen uptake is around 70% of VO2 max. This is supported by core temperature data measured during the match. Since a linear relationship has been reported between rectal temperature and relative work intensity (Saltin Hermansen, 1966), core temperature can be used as an indirect measure of energy production. Throughout a bout of continuous cycling, completed at 70% VO2 max, the rectal temperature was 38.7 °C. In association football, the core temperature increases relatively more compared with the average intensity due to the intermittent nature of the game. Hence, it is pragmatic that a 60% of VO2 max work rate, the core temperature was 0.3 °C higher during intermittent than continuous exercise (Ekblom et al., 1971). All the same, core temperatures of 39-40 °C for the duration of a game propose that the average aerobic energy production rate for the period of a game is around 70% VO2 max (Mohr et al., 2004). Conversely, a factor of more interest than the average oxygen uptake may possibly be the rate of rise in oxygen uptake during the many short intense actions throughout the duration of the game. A players heart rate during a game is rarely below 65% of maximum, which means that oxygen delivery is continuously high. However, the oxygen kinetics during the constant flow from low to high intensity during match play appear to be restricted by the oxidative capacity of the contracting muscles (Krustrup, Hellsten, Bangsbo, 2004). Anaerobic energy production in a Football Match Top football players complete approximately 150-250 short duration, intense actions (sprints, shooting, tackling etc.) throughout a game (Mohr et al., 2003). This suggests the rate of anaerobic energy production will vary from low to high during the game. Albeit, not studied directly, the intense exercise leads to a high rate of creatine phosphate breakdown, which in some measure is resynthesized in the low-intensity exercise periods (Bangsbo, 1994). On However, creatine phosphate levels may decrease during periods of the game if the intense activities are completed with short recovery periods. Creatine phosphate in muscle biopsies obtained after intense exercise periods during a game have provided values above 70% of those at rest, although could be due to the delay in attaining the biopsy (Krustrup et al., 2006). A range of blood lactate concentrations of 2-10 mmol ·là ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢1 have been observed during matches, from a variety of research (Krustrup et al., 2006). These findings suggest that the rate of muscle lactate production is high during match-play. However, it is important to consider that muscle lactate has been measured in only one study. In a non-competitive match between non-professional teams, data indicated that muscle lactate increased by 400% in comparison with resting values, after intense periods in both halves, (Krustrup et al., 2006). A study in 2003 by Krustrup, found values over three times those observed previously. However, more interesting was the fact that muscle lactate was not correlated with blood lactate. This is supported by research when participants performed repeated intense exercise using the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test (Krustrup et al., 2003). This is in contrast to continuous exercise where the blood lactate concentrations are lower but reflec t well the muscle lactate concentrations during exercise. This difference between intermittent and continuous exercise are most likely caused by the different turnover speeds of muscle and blood lactate during the two types of exercise, with muscle lactate being removed more readily than blood lactate (Graham, Saltin, 1993). The relationship between muscle lactate and blood lactate also appears to be influenced by the activities immediately before sampling (Krustrup Bangsbo, 2001). Thus, the rather high blood lactate concentration often seen in football may not correspond to a high lactate production in the activity just performed, but instead, an accumulated reaction to a sequence of high-intensity activities (Krustrup et al., 2006). This is important to take into account when looking at the relationship between blood lactate concentration and muscle lactate concentration. Yet, it is suggested that the rate of glycolysis is high for short periods of time during a game based on the finding of high blood lactate and moderate muscle lactate concentrations during match-play, Fatigue in a Football Match Several studies have suggested that players ability to perform the high-intensity activities associated with football,is reduced towards the end of games in both elite and non-professional football (Krustrup et al., 2006; Mohr et al., 2003). Therefore, it has been established that the amount of sprinting, tackling, shooting, and the distance covered are lower in the second half compared to the first half of a game (Mohr et al., 2003). Whats more, it has been suggested that the amount of sprinting decreases in the final 15 min of a top-class soccer game (Mohr et al., 2003). However, there is a wide range of mechanisms that have been suggested to explain the decrease in exercise performance at the end of the football match. One particular mechanism is the depletion of glycogen stores, since the onset of fatigue during intermittent exercise has been linked to a lack of muscle glycogen. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that increasing muscle glycogen before intermittent exercise by carbo-loading enhances performance during exercise (Balsom et al., 1999). A study by Krustrup et al. (2006), found that the muscle glycogen concentration at the end of the match was reduced to 150-350 mmol ·kg. Thus, there was still glycogen available. However, histochemical analysis revealed that about half of the individual muscle fibres of both types were almost depleted or depleted of glycogen. This reduction can be linked to the reduction of sprint performance at the end of the match, and it was suggested a depletion of glycogen in some mucsle fibres does not allow for a maximal effort in single and repeated sprints. Nevertheless, it is unclear what the mechanisms are behind the possible causal relationship between muscle glycogen concentration and fatigue during prolonged intermittent exercise (Maughan, 2007). Dehydration has also been linked to the onset of fatigue in the later stages of a football game (Magal et al., 2003). Elite players have been reported to lose up to 3 litres of fluid during games (Maughan, 2007) and it has been observed that 5 and 10 m sprint times are slowed by dehydration which amounts to 2.7% of body weight (Magal et al., 2003). On the other hand, in a study by Krustrup et al. (2006) a significant decline in sprint performance was found, although the fluid loss of the subjects was only about 1% of body mass. Thus, it would appear that fluid loss is not always an important component in the impaired performance seen towards the end of a game. Current research via analysis of professional male football players during games has pointed out that players become fatigued at stages in a game (Mohr et al., 2003). Accordingly, in the five minutes subsequent to the most intense time of the match, the ability to complete   high-intensity exercise was decreased to levels below the average. Fatigue throughout a match is a complex and one with a wide range of explnations. One of these may be cerebral in nature, especially during hot conditions (Meeusen, Watson, Dvorak, 2006). Nevertheless, it has been suggested that the cause of fatigue, in elite level athletes only, is a muscular mechanism. In the study by Krustrup et al. (2006), the decrease in performance for the period of the game was correlated to muscle lactate. Conversely, the connection was very weak and the alteration in muscle lactate were not particularly clear. Whats more, numerous studies have publicized that the build up of lactate does not cause fatigue (Krustrup et al., 2003). A further mechanism suggested to be responsible muscle fatigue at some point in intense exercise is a low muscle pH (Sahlin, 1992). Nonetheless, muscle pH is not reduced dramatically, only to about 6.8, throughout a game and no correlation with performance level has been observed (Krustrup et al., 2006). Nevertheless, none of these explanations offer a clear picture into what is the primary cause of the fatigue during the game, and further research is needed to reveal the mechanisms causing fatigue throughout the match. Conclusions It is clear to see that association football utilizes both the aerobic and anaerobic energy production systems heavily, and could not be described as predominantly either aerobic or anaerobic. With the players travelling on average 10-13 km through a 90 minute game, the aerobic system is very important and training needs to focus on aerobic exercise. However, as the players complete, on average, 150-250 intense activity exercises throughout the 90 minute game, and blood and muscle lactate levels both dramatically increasing throughout the game, anaerobic exercise would also need to be focused on in order to improve this part of the game. It is the players that   can managed the balance between aerobic and anaerobic exercise that reach the top level of the game, and differences are seen between international players and other professionals, like they are non-international players and non-professional players. Based on the analysis of the demands of association football it is evident that the training of elite football players should focus on enhancing their ability to perform intense exercise and to recover rapidly from these periods of high-intensity activity. This can be achieved by performing an aerobic and anaerobic training regime on a regular basis (Bangsbo, 2005), which is easy for elite level football players who are played to train every day. However, for those who are wanting to become a professional football player, it is more difficult to train regularly, while potentially completing other work to earn money.   In a typical week for a professional football team with one match to play, the players might have six training sessions in 5 days, with the day after the match used to recover. For the average person, this sort of time is hard to find, and restricts an individual, who has not come through the academy system, wanting to become professional.

As I Walked Out One Evening Essay -- Literary Analysis, W.H. Auden

W.H. Auden’s poem â€Å"As I Walked Out One Evening† belongs to the long tradition of poems chronicling the struggle between love and time. Like others, Auden’s lover uses images of â€Å"The Flower† (l. 19) and grandiose claims of love â€Å"Till China and Africa meet† (l. 10) to impress or coax the unseen lover to comply with his wishes. However, Auden deviates from this tradition in other ways. For example, these other works are mainly seduction poems. In Andrew Marvell’s â€Å"To His Coy Mistress†, time is (by association) a third party to a seduction, invoked to create fear and put pressure on the seducà ©e by reminding her of her mortality- as well as the seducer’s own vulnerability, and thus goad her towards his own ends. â€Å"As I Walked Out One Evening† is a narrative poem, and essentially a dialogue between a lover speaking to the unseen love and time responding to counter his claims. Auden argues that people are unaware of the world they live in and do not truly understand what it means to love and live by usage of apocalyptic images and a running motive of both time and water. â€Å"As I Walked Out One Evening† was written in 1937, a time of turmoil throughout the world and especially in Europe: the world was in hiatus between â€Å"the war to end all wars† and the second â€Å"war to end all wars† and Hitler was at this time gradually rising in power. Auden was very aware of the political climate, and this is reflected in his diction in the latter part of the poem. The fact that there are three distinct parts to this poem, the lover’s speech and the two halves of time’s speech, is indicative of the contemporary political clime: because the first World War was so horrifying many people could not believe and did not want to believe that it could happen aga... ... the poem: the observer who is a part of the scene and yet apart from it, who has a more distant perspective. In the first stanza, the exposition or setting, Auden uses the metaphor of â€Å"The crowds upon the pavement/Were fields of harvest wheat† (ll. 3-4) as observed by the narrator to first foreshadow the immediacy of time. â€Å"Harvest wheat† is both something living and something that is about to scythed and gathered en masse. The observer already has the knowledge that comes so painfully in stanza 14 for the lover, and in the end not only has â€Å"the deep river ran on† (l. 60) but so has the narrator. They are still here, â€Å"late in the evening† (l. 57) to observe the river of life that is still running, even after â€Å"the clocks had ceased their chiming† (l. 59) and â€Å"the lovers they were gone† (l. 58), symbolizing that life will endure the ravages of both death and time.

Victorian Schoolmistress :: Victorian Era

Victorian Schoolmistress Education It was preferred that the schoolmistresses were certified, particularly to work in the better schools during the latter half of the 19 th century. To become certified they were tested in grammar, geography, history, math, and writing from dictation. Additionally, their handwriting was analyzed for readability (Jackson). Appearance of Schoolhouse The focus on the appearance of the schoolhouse was mainly limited to the private schoolhouses, which wanted to attract the best students. Schoolmistresses decorated the school so that they looked relatively well-off, and conducted the school to give the appearance of a family/domestic setting. Unlike the public schoolhouses, the private schoolhouses aimed to attract a small number of the best students, whereas the public schools wished to attract enough students so as to collect an adequate amount of money for their salaries and other extraneous fees (Pederson 142). Salaries Generally, the pay was rather poor, barely ever being more than  £300 per annum. From this, lodging fees, repairs, taxes, and payment to assistants was removed, causing the profit for personal expenses to be well below  £100. Their salaries were garnered from the payments of their students. At the best boarding schools,  £70 for boarders and  £20 for day students was average. Conversely, in the poorer boarding schools,  £3 to  £10 was the average (Pederson 141). Public vs. Private School Lessons The public schools looked towards the public sphere for inspiration and trained students to be productive in the world and focused on their academics. On the other hand, the private schools tended to celebrate a life of leisure in the private setting. However, in public and private schools, music, French, arithmetic, writing and reading were the core subjects. Greater emphasis was put on domestic subjects and lessons were only taught to the point of being satisfactory in a social setting (Pederson 138, 144). The Typical Day in a Girls’ Boarding School 7:00 – Wake Up 8:00 – Breakfast is Ready, Usually Including Meat 9:00 or 9:30 – Day’s Studies Begin Noon – Girls Take a Walk After Having a Slice of Bread and Butter Dinner Follows the Walk 3:00 – Studies Continue Until 5:00 or 5:30

Its Time to Abolish Speed Limits Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Es

It's Time to Abolish Speed Limits It is 8:45 and Paul has just gotten on the interstate to make his normal commute to Longview from Tyler. About halfway there, Paul notices a state trooper right behind him. He frantically checks his speed! Too late!!!!!! The state trooper turns on his lights. Not only was Paul speeding, but now he will be late to a very important meeting at work. The problem here is that Paul was just driving to work. He was not intentionally speeding just to get away with it. Neither was he driving reckless. He was just carrying on with his life. Every day people go through this very scenario. They are ticketed for driving safely although faster than the speed limit, and minding their own business. The freeways should be a place that people can move about more freely and quickly. The government needs to raise the speed limits on the interstates outside city limits so that people can go about their lives at a more productive pace. According to the U.S. Department of Transportation, â€Å" †¦motorists have ignored unreasonable speed limits.†(Effects of Raising and Lowering the Speed Limits pg.3) The problem is inevitable; it is human nature to want to push the limits given, and when they are unreasonable to start with why should people follow them? Another issue at hand is also time people spend traveling. Being late to everything is uncouth. Every day people get fired or lose their jobs due to being late. Yes, it is their responsibility to plan ahead, but there are always those days when something is forgotten. If everyone could go the speed limit they like, then we would not have as many late persons running about. This issue, as we can see, affects millions of people. On the other hand, having a set speed l... ...bit faster than normal. What should drivers do? Well, there is something we can do that would allow for us to be able to raise the speed limits. We can write to our local representatives and let them know the need for raising the speed limits. Provide good research and valuable information that will help them to make the best possible decision. Of course, we must obey the law until the speed limits are changed. God has commanded us to render unto Caesar what is Caesar’s. (Bible) This was used not only in the aspect of money but also in the aspect of all of Caesar’s laws. The urge is very real to want to break the law, but think about others before yourself. According to Terry Turner we need to think of the why before the how. Basically ask yourself, why do I need to speed? Then after careful consideration of all factors, decide how fast to drive your automobile. 1

Tom Regan’s Animal Rights, Human Wrongs

Animal rights, or the establishment and the idea of them being official, have become an increasingly interesting controversy for quite some time. The topic seems to question the common morality and ethics of man, while simultaneously questioning practices that target humanity’s safety, luxury, and in some cases, survival. In such a debate, three articles come to mind.The debating articles: â€Å"Cow VS Animal Rights†, â€Å"Animal Rights, Human Wrongs†, and â€Å"Proud to be a Speciesist† all deliver a very strong argument to the topic, yet making it quite difficult to ignite a solid solution around the topic, being that each article is elaborate and thorough in arguing their point. In â€Å"Animal Rights, Human Wrongs†, the idea of animal rights is directly and thoroughly supported.Written by Tom Regan, the article presents a several cases of animal cruelty in a seemingly attempt to put the reader in a parallel perspective of each animal in attempt to cause the reader to feel sorry or some form of sympathy for each victim. Regan challenges the methods of hunting, industrial forming, and scientific practices on animals, and, using his pity-the-victim strategy, urges the realization of the rights of animals as a group that stands side by side with the humans in matters pertaining legal rights.In Stephen Rose’s article â€Å"Proud to be a Speciesist†, this thought is contradicted directly. Stephen Rose gives an entirely different perspective and idea on the matter of animal rights. In the article, Rose proposes a situation in which the rights, if any exist at all, of mosquitoes and other pests are violated once they’re exterminated by human choice. This situation provides a just argument, being that such pests are killed all the time, yet, if they were ever to attain such rights, concerns questioning their existence would arise and put a complicated spin on the basics of life itself.In â€Å"Cow VS Animal R ights Activist†, written by Linda Hasselstrom, a different view is exploited. The article retains a neutral perspective, being that the writer explains the uses of animals (primarily cows) but does not refrain from informing the reader of all the cow endures while under human use. Even so, Regan uses pathos while illustrating each animal’s demise to convince the reader to share the same view, or â€Å"ideal†, in the matters concerning animal rights.In each situation, he gives a victim, portraying each one as innocent and helpless, and then he gives the description of their death. He paints incredibly vivid pictures of the situation by elaborating on what would presumably be the last moments each animal experienced before their death. Rose, on the other hand, uses a weak form of egos in his writing. Arguing solely from his position as a researcher, Rose has dim credibility and most of his arguments are biased from the perspective of a researcher.This is made obvio us when he tries to justify animal research by claiming that it has resulted in many cures for diseases human encounter today. Hasselstrom’s form of logos contributes to her argument in a seemingly complementary fashion. From her perspective, she simply states the pros and cons of ranching and hunting, as well uncover the hardships faced by ranchers that many activists seem to overlook. With all of these arguments at point, the matters of animal rights will remain a controversy as long as the morals and ethics of the common man play a part in its decision.

Disney College Program †Magical Internship or Mousecatraz Essay

A year and a half ago I packed my bags and drove the stretch to Orlando to officially begin my term in the Disney College Program. Since then I have experienced the behind the scenes side of Disney World, and I have learned what I would consider to be the pros and cons of becoming a Disney cast member. While I would love to believe that life as a Disney employee is nothing but a dream, spending a semester there has opened my eyes to both the magical benefits and also the hard work that it takes to live there. Today I’m going tell you more of what life at Disney consists of and what you can expect in the Disney College Program. Imagine this: You wake up early in your Orlando hotel room; you’re too excited and nervous to eat because today your program starts. You make your way over to Vista Way Apartments to get a good spot in line, anxious because you’re only hours away from meeting your future roommates and receiving the one thing that has been eating you alive for months – your job assignment! Your semester has barely started, and it’s already nerve-wracking. A term in Disney of course will hold some high expectations. According to the official Disney College program website, As a Disney College Program participant, you’ll become part of the magic that is known worldwide. You’ll get valuable, on-the-job experience in the parks and resorts, and expand your knowledge in a classroom with international students. Discover new worlds and create long-lasting memories. All of these statements have truth to them, but what you may not know is that the slightest tweak of your expectations can make or break your time there. By the end of the first day, I had 5 new roommates, and I was a new merchandise cast member at one of Disney’s Resorts. The time I spent from August to December in Orlando was full to the brim with great and incredible memories. These times were the pros of the experience. When you first arrive, Disney requires each of their cast members to go through an orientation class called ‘traditions’ where you learn about the exceptional value Disney places on their famous customer service. Even though it was orientation, I have to admit it was pretty exciting. They really know how to get you pumped about being part of creating that Disney magic. Having the opportunity to assist in making those moments that last a lifetime for other families is absolutely amazing. The friends that you will make there will also last a lifetime. I made friends from all over the world while I was there. That’s something that I wouldn’t trade for anything. And what’s better than spending time with those friends in the Disney parks†¦ for free! This must be the ultimate perk, but there are countless others. To top of all of that, working for Disney is an excellent addition to your resume. Unfortunately, along with the pros come the cons. The number one complaint that I have heard would be the problems you will encounter with roommates. If you opt to stay on Disney property, which has many benefits, you will be required to share a bedroom with one other person and most likely your apartment with several others. While I lived in an apartment of six including myself, you could end up with a total of eight. With that many people under one roof, it would be a miracle if everyone got along. On top of the stress of your living space, you are required to wear your goofy looking uniform to a job that you played no part in the selection of. Being a college program cast member, you are automatically considered temporary or expendable, and because of that you automatically take lowest priority. You will work hard hours, and out of the multiple managers in your area, you will most likely not enjoy all of them to say the least. Working for a company with such demanding guests will take a toll on you. Despite the lower points that you will come across while you are there, the Disney College program is an excellent overall experience. You will learn much more than you could possibly expect. You can even take courses that can apply for college credit if you choose. Your patience and tolerance will increase significantly, trust me. The months you spend there will stay with you forever. In conclusion, I hope that I have been able to give you more insight on the program. There are some very heavy pros and cons in this program, but whether or not the good outweighs the bad is left up to you. If you are considering taking this journey yourself, I would recommend that you take the leap. You’ll most likely have bad days, but you will treasure the memories and friends you make there forever.

Troubled Youth Today

Youth today are dramatically different than the youth just fifteen years ago. Styles, schooling, resistance, and especially consequences have changed a lot. Children can no longer come home after school with a note from the teacher and receive a lashing with dad’s belt. No longer can they wear the dunce hat in class when misbehaving. Though this is a good thing, it has become much harder for parents to control and maintain their children. In â€Å"Children Should Be Seen Not Heard† by Gill Valentine, a single mother states, â€Å"I think children are allowed to get away with more because we’re so frightened of Social Services†¦they know there’s nothing you can do to stop it. † Without consequence children’s behaviors are going much farther down the â€Å"wrong† road then parents know how to handle. In light of this, now more than ever, drastic measures have been taken to help children. There are youth help centers where parents can send their children to receive the help they need to return to a more level headed state of being. In an article written by Bruce R Schackmann, it was stated that, â€Å"only one in ten adolescents who need treatment actually receives help. † Some of these programs are not as strict, and the child only goes in a few times a week for sessions. Other residential treatment centers are for a month or two, while the most extreme residential centers for youth are over one year long. Since this has become quite a popular trend for parents to do, there is more and more research showing the outcomes of these children and if it actually helped. For parent’s to really understand what their child needs they need to know if strict institutes or more loose help centers are more productive with enhancing and helping the youth’s individual and family life. There are pros and cons to each type of center. A residential treatment center, also known as an RTC is similar to Therapeutic Boarding Schools (TBS) with the exception of how long the program lasts, the intensity of the therapy, and the educational component involved. At Risk Teen-Residential Treatment Centers website). The RTC’s provide much more verbal contact with the family and physical family involvement. Usually in these types of facilities there are less rules, which helps the students to build closer friendship-like relationships with the staff, which can overall help the outcome of the student. The child is learning new things during every session and gets to practice his or her new knowledge within just a few weeks sometimes even hours. This gives the student the ability to test what they have learned and come back to the program to share how it went and work on how to make it better. There tends not to be as much resistance at these shorter, sometimes non-residential centers, which leads to less resentment being built up against the institute. Students at these types of programs have the ability to think for themselves. They are given a type of structure to follow, usually in the form of a certain amount of steps, however it is up to them how to succeed and progress through these steps to the end. Chris Conner from The Spot said, â€Å"discipline may not always be helpful because then the student cannot develop who they are by themselves and they won’t be able to really take their life into their own hands and create their own structure. † Another perk of these programs is that they tend to be less expensive. This allows students of lower class to be able to participate in the RTC services. â€Å"Positive outcomes for youth in RTC’s are [mainly] associated with stays that are relatively shorter, include family involvement, and involve aftercare. † (Brenda D. Smith) Though there seem to be many pros, there are also a few cons. Because the students are there for such a short time period it is easier for them to skim by, or fake what they are doing. Also they might not hold onto the information they have learned as deeply as a longer program. This can cause the students of shorter programs to relapse sooner than longer programs. In Teenage Wasteland by Donna Gaines a boy â€Å"was arrested for drunk driving and entered a rehab program. For a while he dried out, and then he tried getting his life in order. Things started to look up for him†¦but that didn’t last. † (The Kids In The Basement) The longer programs known as TBS’s have many pros and cons as well. Unlike RTC’s they tend to be over a year in length, which means they are residential and away from the family. There is limited communication with the family as well as limited physical contact. There is a loss of connection to the outside world, which can cause a student to build extreme resentment against the program. The therapeutic aspect of these programs is extremely intense and can be hard for such young students to deal with. â€Å"They try to discipline your whole life, to embarrass you out of being yourself, they put you on a routine, to make you normal†¦this structured pproach can be harmful to some extent. More often it gets abused. † (Teenage Wasteland-The Rock). After having stayed at a program away from your family, friends, and society for so long the student usually has the urge to break free when they get out. Unhealthy ways of rebellion are often seen among these youth. This can be seen in disobeying one’s parents, skipping classes again, and can mean â€Å"joints, beers, liquor, and if it’s a good night maybe something a little stronger-coke, dust, crack. † (Teenage Wasteland-Us and Them). The children who go to these programs are pretty equal when it comes to gender. One has to be in the middle to upper middle class to be able to afford the price of these programs which can range from â€Å"around $2,100 per month and can climb to $8,000 a month. † (At Risk Teen-Residential Treatment Centers website). Some pros of the long term program are that because they are longer the student has the chance and time to really work on their issues with the help of much more intensive therapy than an RTC. Instead of having to leave school for a month or two at these programs there is schooling offered to help the students to not fall too far behind and even catch up if they were behind. Though the structure can be seen as harmful at times, it also teaches the students the importance of structure in their lives and not just being a wild spontaneous party animal. The staff and students have more time to create bonds that can be lifelong along with student-student relationships. Having relationships with the people where you are living helps one to feel more at home and they have a better chance of becoming more open and letting people in emotionally to help them. Because of these aspects of longer programs they tend to have a very good outcome. The youth who are being sent to these programs are coming from all different backgrounds of race, gender, and class in particular. These youth tend to be children who have either not had enough rules growing up or too many, and they have found their own ways to resist society, especially in the face of their parents, and have been sent to these places to get help. Family life has changed dramatically along with our society and culture. â€Å"In the 1950’s, it [smoking cigarettes] was a mark of juvenile delinquency for boys, trampiness for girls. † (Teenage Wasteland-Us And Them). Now a child smoking a cigarette is one of the smaller worries of a parent. With drugs becoming so popular, affordable, and easily accessible, this trend has hit almost every youth sub-culture. It is a way for the youth to rebel from their parents and society, while gaining acceptance from their peers. With our culture having changed so much recently, especially in the last twenty to forty years, the youth has become extremely peer oriented. â€Å"Wherever they have been taught to look for good, they find evil. Families are falling apart, and the papers are full of atrocities perpetuated by adults on kids. (Teenage Wasteland-This is Religion I). It is becoming harder and harder for the youth to come home to their families to talk to them about the eighth graders picking on them at lunch time, when they are traveling between their father’s house and their mother’s house on alternate Tuesdays, every other soccer game, and every third weekend. The newspapers and shows are showing that is it dangerous for children to be alone on the street or any further than a block or two away from home, and â€Å"consequently, boys and girls increasingly are having their activities formally organized and timetabled. (Children Should Be Seen Not Heard, Gill Valentine). This type of lifestyle is very overwhelming for children. To have some sort of a release the child usually begins to spend more and more time with their friends to avoid the family life. Along with this, to really deepen the avoidance tactic, the child usually starts to use drugs of some sort. The burden of homework and being embarrassed to go to class because one is unprepared can be overwhelming enough for a child to start skipping classes, and in time drop out all together. The youth at these programs can be involved in the punk scene, the gangster scene, and the hippie scene, and all be going through these same issues. The youth are just finding their own way and different sub-cultures to associate with to avoid their own lives. When the youth get sent to these programs their sub-culture is completely torn apart and they are forced to create a new one with all of the other students at the program. This can actually be very healthy. When I was sent to my wilderness program I was stuck in the middle of Duchesne, Utah with five other girls. I had no choice but to be-friend these girls no matter if they looked different and acted different than me. This was the first step in helping me to step away from judgment. When I got to my TBS in Heron, Montana, I was given a sort of uniform and my make-up, music, and pictures from home were all taken from me. Everyone was shed of their outer appearance that they based friendship off of at home. Girls had to have their hair up at all times with no bangs or hair in their faces. Boys had to have short hair and wear belts at all times. We weren’t even allowed to talk about what type of music we listened to at home, to fully extinguish the images that we all had had. This really helped me to make friends with everybody and grow as a less judgmental person. The rules we were given were extremely strict. We were told they were not called rules but â€Å"agreements†. We were agreeing to live by this standard, and ironically we were being forced to say â€Å"agreements† and if we said rule we were punished. I had fifteen-minute phone calls with my parents every two weeks and was not allowed to talk to any other family members except for them. As time went one I was awarded privileges to be able to write my sister and grandparents letters and it wasn’t until I had been at the program for 18 months that I was allowed to use the phone to call my sister for 10 minutes every two weeks. Punishments included things such as doing extra chores, dishes, digging, weeding, shoveling snow, and the worst was digging a stump out of the ground. I had four stumps during both winters I was there. Extremely low temperatures and feeling sick were not taken into account when a child had broken a rule. I was ostracized three times during my 23-month stay. When I first got there I was not allowed to talk to anybody for one week. And then the two times I got in major trouble I was not allowed to talk to any other students. I was also not allowed to talk to any of the staff or teachers there except for my personal therapist, family therapist, and headmaster. I was forced to sit in the back of the dining hall facing the wall at all times. I was shamed and guilt tripped and I believe this to be an incredibly unhealthy technique to use with growing youth. The children who went to The Rock in Teenage Wasteland by Donna Gaines were very similar to me. Most of them were diagnosed with a disorder called ED, emotionally disturbed. Most kids going to the TBS or RTC programs today are diagnosed with either ADD, ADHD, or ODD. ODD stands for Oppositional Defiant Disorder. It has become prevalent since corporal punishment has become illegal. Most kids who went to The Rock had been given up on by the faculty at their other schools, and this was the only place for them. When I left home no one had given up on me as a person, they had given up on trying to control me and help me. Everyone supported me and wanted me to become healthy again. They sent me away because they loved me and that was what I needed. The kids who go to The Spot, in downtown Denver Colorado, are children with seemingly similar backgrounds. They have probably been given up on, or have given up on themselves. They have this help center to go to with not many rules, but that can really help them to lead a healthier and more successful life. I am similar to these youth because before I had gotten sent away I was no longer living at home. I was sleeping couch to couch and sometimes sitting on curbs until two in the morning when someone could sneak me into their house. I had given up on myself and was harming my own body with drugs and had stopped going to school all together. I feel that the homeless youth who are going to The Spot are taking the initiative to help themselves, however I feel that there might not be quite enough structure or help services for them to really start working on their life and turning it around. There needs to be a place with an amount of structure between a TBS/RTC and youth help centers such as The Spot and the YMCA. In general the youth who are homeless and attending the spot and the youth who are so out of control they are being sent to these residential treatment center can tell us a lot about the general youth in the United States today. â€Å"In contemporary Western societies we are witnessing a decay in childhood as a separate category and that the distinction between children and adults is becoming increasingly blurred. † (Seabrook, 1987). There is an incredible amount of resistance among the youth of the U. S. today towards the â€Å"norm†. Youth are being oppressed by the different laws that are placed on them, the inability to hang out in certain public spaces, and the overall mindset that we are hormonal and crazy teens. The youth are resisting this oppression by breaking the rules, by taking drugs, skipping classes, and hanging out and skateboarding in places where it is printed â€Å"not allowed†. However, through this resistance we are proving that the adults are extremely correct. The youth are beginning to gain more and more power out of this resistance mostly due to corporal punishment being illegal. Parents are being watched very closely to see that their children are not being abused. It has become very hard for parents to discipline their children, with the fear that any wrong move and their own child, neighbor, or passer-by could call Child Protective Services on them. It is very important for these youth to be studied because we are the future of this nation, of this world. Some of these children are being treated in unnecessary and unfair ways that can be economically harmful to the family, and in some cases can emotionally pull the family apart due to lack of communication. The population of the children going through these processes is becoming larger and larger by the year. If the adults of the society could start to look at what they are doing that could be helping to cause this â€Å"loss† of children in our communities, things could really start to change for the better. It seems as if â€Å"parents have become ‘overeducated. ’ But instead of becoming sensitive or acting rationally, they get hyper alert to ‘signs’ of ‘drug problem. ’ They start reading pathology into every little thing their kid does. † (Teenage Wasteland-The Rock). Give the children a chance to be themselves. As much as a child might yell when they hear that who they are is just â€Å"phase†, it usually is true, it is a â€Å"phase†. Let your children make mistakes and learn from them. Be there for them all the time to love them and to help teach them right from wrong. Try to understand and listen to them rather than preach from our own childhood. The gap between youth and adults will become much closer if we all begin to listen and love. BIBLIOGRAPHY Gaines, Donna. 1991. Teenage Wasteland: Suburbia’s Dead End Kids. New York: Harper Perennial Valentine, Gill. 1996. Urban Geography. Children Should Be Seen and Not Heard: The Production and Transgression of Adults’ Public Space. 205-220 Website: Residential Treatment Centers: http://www. selectown. com/oppositional-defiant-disorder. php Copyright 2004 Website: Residential Treatment Centers: http://www. selectown. com/residential-treatment-centers. php Copyright 2004 Interview with Chris Conner from The Spot Seabrook, Jeremy, 1987. The Decay Of Childhood. News Statesman. 10 July, 14-15 Schackman, Bruce R. , Erick G. Rojas, Jeremy Gans, Mathea Falco, and Robert B. Millman. â€Å"Does higher cost mean better quality? evidence from highly-regarded adolescent drug treatment programs. (Short Report). † Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy 2. 23 (July 31, 2007): 23. Academic OneFile. Gale. University of Denver. Smith, Brenda D. , David E. Duffee, Camela M. Steinke, Yufan Huang, and Heather Larkin. â€Å"Outcomes in residential treatment for youth: The role of early engagement. (Report). † Children and Youth Services Review 30. 12 (Dec 2008): 1425(12). Academic OneFile. Gale. University of Denver.